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百度 我想，可能是秋老师觉得自己并不是明星艺人，知名度不高，所以就想多做一些，赢得点好感！不过，各位明星艺人们倒是做的不是很对了，似乎是将秋老师所做的种种当成了理所应当，于是就有了下面这样的事情发生！有一次，李静带着一群人出去玩了，并且交代秋老师，6点钟回来要准时开饭！秋老师也一口答应了，但是下午呢，秋老师看着时间还早，与何穗一起将工作做完了，就和游客一起出去爬山了！在这期间，李静还打电话回来顶住秋老师一定要准备好饭菜，是程晓玥接的电话，她明明知道秋老师不再，但还是一口答应了下来，搞不懂这是什么逻辑！等到李静等人回来的时候，见到秋老师不再，瞬间李静就炸了，非常生气的样子！等到秋老师回来之后，发现自己玩的太高兴，忘记了时间，也是一脸的愧疚！秋老师道歉的态度也是非常的诚恳，先是和戴军老师道歉，随后又和何穗道歉，态度也是相当的诚恳，但却被何穗一脸不耐烦的推开了！最后，秋老师去给李静道歉，整个过程，李静都没有给秋老师任何的好脸色，最终还是别的人家给秋老师求情，李静才勉为其难的原谅了秋老师！其实，我很不懂，为什么秋老师要为大家道歉，本来做饭就不是一个人的事情啊！我想，很多看过节目的人都会很气愤，明星艺人就可以高人一等的对素人秋老师颐指气使了么？可能真的是因为秋老师是一个素人吧！不出意外的是，在节目播出之后，李静自然是成为了网友群起攻之的对象，而何穗也没有被网友拉下！依照何穗的微博，我能想到的只有这件事了，毕竟那时候何穗也是被人指责过于势力了！但综艺节目么，不要天当真了，通过后期剪辑，可以制造出各种各样的效果，如今旧事被重提，看来何穗真的是被冤枉了！秋老师在微博中也为何穗辩解过，还称赞何穗是非常会照顾人的知心大姐姐，但不晓得何穗为什么不自己去澄清，反而是要背负这这样的骂名！所以，对待综艺节目，我们要辩证的去看待，毕竟为了收视率，后期是什么都能做的出来的！本文来自凤凰号，仅代表凤凰号自媒体观点。

This article is about people who write computer software. For other uses, see Programmer (disambiguation).
"Coder" redirects here. For other uses, see Coder (disambiguation).

Computer programmer
Betty Jennings and Fran Bilas, part of the first ENIAC programming team
Occupation
NamesComputer Programmer
Occupation type
Profession
Activity sectors
Information technology, Software industry
Description
CompetenciesWriting and debugging computer code
Education required
Varies from apprenticeship to bachelor's degree, or self-taught

A programmer, computer programmer or coder is an author of computer source code – someone with skill in computer programming.

The professional titles software developer and software engineer are used for jobs that require a programmer.

Identification

Sometimes a programmer or job position is identified by the language used or target platform. For example, assembly programmer, web developer.

Job title

The job titles that include programming tasks have differing connotations across the computer industry and to different individuals. The following are notable descriptions.

A software developer primarily implements software based on specifications and fixes bugs. Other duties may include reviewing code changes and testing. To achieve the required skills for the job, they might obtain a computer science or associate degree, attend a programming boot camp or be self-taught.

A software engineer usually is responsible for the same tasks as a developer plus broader responsibilities of software engineering including architecting and designing new features and applications, targeting new platforms, managing the software development lifecycle (design, implementation, testing, and deployment), leading a team of programmers, communicating with customers, managers and other engineers, considering system stability and quality, and exploring software development methodologies.

Sometimes, a software engineer is required to have a degree in software engineering, computer engineering, or computer science. Some countries legally require an engineering degree to be called engineer.[1][2][3]

History

Ada Lovelace is considered by many to be the first computer programmer.[4]

British countess and mathematician Ada Lovelace is often considered to be the first computer programmer. She authored an algorithm, which was published in October 1842, for calculating Bernoulli numbers on the Charles Babbage analytical engine.[4] Because the machine was not completed in her lifetime, she never experienced the algorithm in action.

In 1941, German civil engineer Konrad Zuse was the first person to execute a program on a working, program-controlled, electronic computer.[5] From 1943 to 1945, per computer scientist Wolfgang K. Giloi and AI professor Raúl Rojas et al., Zuse created the first, high-level programming language, Plankalkül.[6][7]

Members of the 1945 ENIAC programming team of Kay McNulty, Betty Jennings, Betty Snyder, Marlyn Wescoff, Fran Bilas and Ruth Lichterman have since been credited as the first professional computer programmers.[8][9]

The software industry

Main article: Software industry

The first company founded specifically to provide software products and services was the Computer Usage Company in 1955. Before that time, computers were programmed either by customers or the few commercial computer manufacturers of the time, such as Sperry Rand and IBM.[10]

The software industry expanded in the early 1960s, almost immediately after computers were first sold in mass-produced quantities. Universities, governments, and businesses created a demand for software. Many of these programs were written in-house by full-time staff programmers; some were distributed between users of a particular machine for no charge, while others were sold on a commercial basis. Other firms, such as Computer Sciences Corporation (founded in 1959), also started to grow. Computer manufacturers soon started bundling operating systems, system software and programming environments with their machines; the IBM 1620 came with the 1620 Symbolic Programming System and FORTRAN.[11]

The industry expanded greatly with the rise of the personal computer (PC) in the mid-1970s, which brought computing to the average office worker. In the following years, the PC also helped create a constantly growing market for games, applications and utility software. This resulted in increased demand for software developers for that period of time.[12]

Nature of the work

Computer programmers write, test, debug, and maintain the detailed instructions, called computer programs, that computers must follow to perform their functions. Programmers also conceive, design, and test logical structures for solving problems by computer. Many technical innovations in programming — advanced computing technologies and sophisticated new languages and programming tools — have redefined the role of a programmer and elevated much of the programming work done today. Job titles and descriptions may vary, depending on the organization.[13]

Programmers work in many settings, including corporate information technology (IT) departments, big software companies, small service firms and government entities of all sizes. Many professional programmers also work for consulting companies at client sites as contractors. Licensing is not typically required to work as a programmer, although professional certifications are commonly held by programmers.[13] Programming is considered a profession.[14][15][16]

Programmers' work varies widely depending on the type of business for which they are writing programs. For example, the instructions involved in updating financial records are very different from those required to duplicate conditions on an aircraft for pilots training in a flight simulator. Simple programs can be written in a few hours. More complex ones may require more than a year of work, while others are never considered 'complete' but rather are continuously improved as long as they stay in use. In most cases, several programmers work together as a team under a senior programmer's supervision.[17]

Types of software

Programming editors, also known as source code editors, are text editors that are specifically designed for programmers or developers to write the source code of an application or a program. Most of these editors include features useful for programmers, which may include color syntax highlighting, auto indentation, auto-complete, bracket matching, syntax check, and allows plug-ins. These features aid the users during coding, debugging and testing.[18]

Globalization

Market changes in the UK

According to BBC News, 17% of computer science students could not find work in their field six months after graduation in 2009 which was the highest rate of the university subjects surveyed while 0% of medical students were unemployed in the same survey.[19]

Market changes in the US

After the crash of the dot-com bubble (1999–2001) and the Great Recession (2008), many U.S. programmers were left without work or with lower wages.[20][21][22] In addition, enrollment in computer-related degrees and other STEM degrees (STEM attrition)[23] in the US has been dropping for years, especially for women,[24][22] which, according to Beaubouef and Mason,[25] could be attributed to a lack of general interest in science and mathematics and also out of an apparent fear that programming will be subject to the same pressures as manufacturing and agriculture careers. For programmers, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Outlook originally predicted a growth for programmers of 12 percent from 2010 to 2020[26] and thereafter a decline of -7 percent from 2016 to 2026, a further decline of -9 percent from 2019 to 2029, a decline of -10 percent from 2021 to 2031.[13] and then a decline of -11 percent from 2022 to 2032.[27] Since computer programming can be done from anywhere in the world, companies sometimes hire programmers in countries where wages are lower.[13] If domestic demand has increased, it is mainly to replace existing programmers who have retired or switched occupations.[28] However, for software developers BLS projects current growth at 17%[28] that is down from their prediction from 2019 to 2029 of a 22% increase in employment, from 1,469,200 to 1,785,200 jobs with a median base salary of $110,000 per year. This prediction is lower than the earlier 2010 to 2020 predicted increase of 30% for software developers.[29][30][21] Though the distinction is somewhat ambiguous, software developers engage in a wider array of aspects of application development and are generally higher skilled than programmers, making outsourcing less of a risk.[31][32] Another reason for the decline for programmers is their skills are being merged with other professions, such as developers, as employers increase the requirements for a position over time (i.e. Full-stack developer). Then there is the additional concern that recent advances in artificial intelligence might drastically[33][34] impact the demand for future generations of Software professions.[35][36][37][38][39][40][41]

Market changes in Japan

As of 2024 in Japan, the demand for programmers is increasing rapidly due mainly to the aging demographics of their workforce and their low birth rate not being sufficient for replacement has led to more use of AI to help fill the gap.[42][43] On the other hand, despite the fact that there are more than 1.2 million programmers in Japan as of 2020, more than 40% of Japanese companies say they do not have enough skilled and qualified IT personnel, including programmers; by 2030, the number of programmers will exceed 1.6 million, but about 800 000 people, including programmers, a shortage of engineers is expected to occur.[44][45]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Programmer vs. Software Engineer: What's the Difference?". ce.arizona.edu. University of Arizona. 11 December 2020. Archived from the original on 29 July 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
  2. ^ Heinz, Kate (23 February 2021). "Software Engineer Vs. Programmer: What's the Difference?". builtin.com. Built In. Archived from the original on 29 July 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
  3. ^ Jacob, Freya (16 March 2020). "6 Key Differences Between a Software Engineer and a Programmer". simpleprogrammer.com. The Simple Programmer. Archived from the original on 29 July 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
  4. ^ a b Fuegi, J.; Francis, J. (October–December 2003). "Lovelace & Babbage and the creation of the 1843 'notes'". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 25 (4): 16–26. Bibcode:2003IAHC...25d..16F. doi:10.1109/MAHC.2003.1253887.
  5. ^ "Konrad Zuse". computer.org. IEEE. 2 April 2018. Archived from the original on 26 September 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
  6. ^ Giloi, Wolfgang K. (1997). "Konrad Zuse's Plankalkül: The First High-Level 'non von Neumann' Programming Language". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 19 (2): 17–24. doi:10.1109/85.586068. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023.
  7. ^ Rojas, Raúl; G?ktekin, Cüneyt; Friedland, Gerald; Krüger, Mike (February 2000). "Plankalkül: The First High-Level Programming Language and its Implementation". ResearchGate. Archived from the original on 12 June 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
  8. ^ "Memorials". ENIAC Programmers Project. First Byte Productions. 16 May 2014. Archived from the original on 1 April 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  9. ^ Donaldson James, Susan (4 December 2007). "First Computer Programmers Inspire Documentary". ABC News. Archived from the original on 16 February 2013. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  10. ^ Elmer C. Kubie (Summer 1994). "Recollections of the first software company". Annals of the History of Computing. 16 (2): 65–71. doi:10.1109/85.279238. S2CID 5733812.
  11. ^ "1620 Data Processing System". IBM Archives. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on 10 February 2021. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  12. ^ Beckhusen, Julia (16 August 2016). "Occupations in Information Technology". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 22 March 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
  13. ^ a b c d "Computer Programmers : Occupational Outlook Handbook". U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Archived from the original on 3 May 2019. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  14. ^ "How to Become a Computer Programmer". Coursera Inc. 30 September 2022. Archived from the original on 7 October 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2023. Computer programmers often take courses and seek certifications to enter the field and stay current in their skills in this ever-evolving profession.
  15. ^ "11 Types of Programming Jobs (With Duties and Salaries)". Indeed. 17 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
  16. ^ Sartore, Melissa (22 December 2022). "What Is a Computer Programmer?". computerscience.org. Archived from the original on 30 January 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2023. Explore this profession and discover how you can thrive in a computer programming career.
  17. ^ "Computer Programmers". Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved 15 February 2025.
  18. ^ "BBC Bitesize - GCSE Computer Science - Programming software and the IDE - Revision 4". www.bbc.co.uk. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  19. ^ Shankleman, Martin (1 July 2010). "'One in 10' UK graduates jobless". BBC News. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
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Further reading

  • Weinberg, Gerald M., The Psychology of Computer Programming, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1971
  • An experiential study of the nature of programming work: Lucas, Rob (March–April 2010). "Dreaming in Code". New Left Review (62): 125–132. Archived from the original on 24 April 2012.
  • Thompson, Clive (2019). Coders: The Making of a New Tribe and the Remaking of the World. Penguin Press. ISBN 978-0735220560.
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