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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the legacy version of Angular, see AngularJS.
Angular
Developer(s)Google
Initial release2.0 / 14 September 2016; 8 years ago (2025-08-06)[1]
Stable release
20.1.0[2] Edit this on Wikidata / 9 July 2025; 19 days ago (9 July 2025)
Preview release
20.0.0 / 28 May 2025; 2 months ago (2025-08-06)[3]
RepositoryAngular Repository
Written inTypeScript, JavaScript
PlatformWeb platform
TypeWeb framework
LicenseMIT License
Websiteangular.dev
百度 如何减负加质，需要注意哪些方面？杨银付（国家教育发展研究中心）：近年来，校外培训机构发展迅猛，一定程度上满足了部分中小学生对学习的补充性需求。

Angular (also referred to as Angular 2+)[4] is a TypeScript-based free and open-source single-page web application framework. It is developed by Google and by a community of individuals and corporations. Angular is a complete rewrite from the same team that built AngularJS. The Angular ecosystem consists of a diverse group of over 1.7 million developers, library authors, and content creators.[5] According to the Stack Overflow Developer Survey, Angular is one of the most commonly used web frameworks.[6]

Differences between Angular and AngularJS

[edit]
Architecture of an Angular application, services, and dependency injection

Google designed Angular as a ground-up rewrite of AngularJS. Unlike AngularJS, Angular does not have a concept of "scope" or controllers; instead, it uses a hierarchy of components as its primary architectural characteristic.[7] Angular has a different expression syntax, focusing on "[ ]" for property binding, and "( )" for event binding.[8] Angular recommends the use of Microsoft's TypeScript language, which introduces features such as static typing, generics, and type annotations.

Features

[edit]

Component-based architecture

[edit]

Angular uses a component-based architecture, which allows developers to build encapsulated, reusable user interface elements. Each component encapsulates its own HTML, CSS, and TypeScript, making it easier to manage and test individual pieces of an application.[9]

Data binding

[edit]

Angular supports two-way data binding,[10] which synchronizes data between the model and the view. This ensures that any changes in the view are automatically reflected in the model and vice versa.[11]

Dependency injection

[edit]

Angular has a built-in dependency injection system that makes it easier to manage and inject dependencies into components and services. This promotes modularity and easier testing.[12]

Directives

[edit]

Angular extends HTML with additional attributes called directives. Directives offer functionality to change the behavior or appearance of DOM elements.[13]

Routing

[edit]

Angular includes a router that allows developers to define and manage application states and navigation paths, making it easier to build single-page applications with complex routing.[14]

Angular CLI

[edit]

The Angular CLI (Command Line Interface) provides a set of tools for creating, building, testing, and deploying Angular applications. It enables rapid application setup and simplifies ongoing development tasks.[15]

Server-side rendering

[edit]

Angular has official support for server-side rendering, which improves an application's load time and performance. Server-side rendering also enhances search engine optimization by making content more accessible to web crawlers.[16]

History

[edit]

Angular 2.0 was announced during the keynote of the 2014 NG-Conf conference 16-17 January 2014.[17] On April 30, 2015, the Angular developers announced that Angular 2 moved from Alpha to Developer Preview.[18] Angular 2 moved to Beta in December 2015,[19] and the first release candidate was published in May 2016.[20] The final version was released on 14 September 2016.

Version 8 of Angular introduced a new compilation and rendering pipeline, Ivy, and version 9 of Angular enabled Ivy by default. Angular 13 removed the deprecated former compiler, View Engine.[21] Angular 14 introduced standalone components and Angular 17 made them the default, de-emphasizing the use of modules.[22]

Angular 18, released in 2024, introduced several improvements such as standalone components defaulting to true, built-in control flow syntax, zoneless support previews, and modern SSR debugging tools.[44]

Naming

[edit]

The rewrite of AngularJS was called "Angular 2", but this led to confusion among developers. To clarify, the team announced that separate names should be used for each framework with "AngularJS" referring to the 1.X versions and "Angular" without the "JS" referring to versions 2 and up.[23]

Version history

[edit]
Version Release date New features
Latest version: Angular 20 May 28, 2025 by default Angular CLI will not generate suffixes for components, directives, services, and pipes.[24]
Supported: Angular 19 November 19, 2024 Angular directives, components and pipes are now standalone by default.[25]
Unsupported: Angular 18 May 22, 2024 Experimental zoneless change detection support and server-side rendering improvements.[26]
Unsupported: Angular 17 November 8, 2023[27] Standalone is now the new default for the CLI (Application builder), without the need for Angular modules (NgModule), a new syntax for control flow and documentation website.[27]
Unsupported: Angular 16 3 May 2023 Partial hydration for Angular Universal server-side rendering, experimental Jest support, and esbuild-based build system for development servers.
Unsupported: Angular 15 November 18, 2022 Standalone APIs, directive composition API.[28]
Unsupported: Angular 14 2 June 2022 Typed forms, standalone components, and new primitives in the Angular CDK (component dev kit).[29]
Unsupported: Angular 13 4 November 2021[30] Removed deprecated View Engine renderer.
Unsupported: Angular 12 12 May 2021[31] Deprecated support for Internet Explorer 11.
Unsupported: Angular 11 11 November 2020[32] Experimental Webpack 5 support
Unsupported: Angular 10 24 June 2020[33] New Date Range Picker (Material UI library).
Unsupported: Angular 9 6 February 2020 Improved build times, enabling AOT on by default
Unsupported: Angular 8 28 May 2019 Differential loading for all application code, Dynamic imports for lazy routes, Web workers, TypeScript 3.4 support, and Angular Ivy as an opt-in preview.[34]
Unsupported: Angular 7 18 October 2018 Updates regarding Application Performance, Angular Material & CDK, Virtual Scrolling, Improved Accessibility of Selects. Support for Content Projection using web standard for custom elements, and dependency updates regarding Typescript 3.1, RxJS 6.3 and Node.js 10.[35]
Unsupported: Angular 6 4 May 2018[36] Experimental custom element support, added ng update command
Unsupported: Angular 5 1 November 2017[37] Support for progressive web apps, a build optimizer and improvements related to Material Design.[38]
Unsupported: Angular 4.3 18 July 2017 HttpClient for making HTTP requests, conditionally disabling animations, new router life cycle events for Guards and Resolvers.

Minor release, meaning that it contains no breaking changes and that it is a drop-in replacement for Angular 4.x.x.

Unsupported: Angular 4 23 March 2017[39] Added ngIf and ngFor. Backward compatible with Angular 2.
Unsupported: Angular 2 14 September 2016 Initial release

Future releases

[edit]

Since v9, the Angular team has moved all new applications to use the Ivy compiler and runtime. They will be working on Ivy to improve output bundle sizes and development speeds.[40]

Each version is expected to be backward-compatible with the prior release. The Angular development team has pledged to do twice-a-year upgrades.

Support policy and schedule

[edit]

All the major releases are supported for 18 months. This consists of 6 months of active support, during which regularly-scheduled updates and patches are released. It is then followed by 12 months of long-term support (LTS), during which only critical fixes and security patches are released.[41]

Supported Angular Versions
Version Status Released Active Ends LTS Ends Duration
^19.0.0 Active Nov 19, 2024 May 19, 2025 May 19, 2026 1.5 years
^18.0.0 LTS May 22, 2024 Nov 19, 2024 Nov 19, 2025 1.5 years

Angular versions v2 to v17 are no longer under support.[42]

Libraries

[edit]

Angular Material

[edit]
"Angular Material" redirects here. For the library of the same name for AngularJS 1.x, see AngularJS § AngularJS Material.

Angular Material is a UI component library that implements Material Design in Angular.[43] It provides a collection of reusable components that adhere to Google's Material Design specifications, aiming to offer a consistent user interface across different devices and platforms.

Angular Material includes a variety of UI components such as buttons, cards, dialogs, grids, and form controls. These components are designed to be customizable and easy to integrate into Angular applications. Additional features of Angular Material include support for responsive design, theming, and accessibility.

Angular Elements

[edit]

In 2018, Angular 6 introduced Angular Elements, enabling developers to package Angular components as custom web elements, which are part of the web components set of web platform APIs.[44][45]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Angular, version 2: proprioception-reinforcement". blogspot.com. September 14, 2016. Archived from the original on 2025-08-06. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
  2. ^ "Release 20.1.0". 9 July 2025. Retrieved 13 July 2025.
  3. ^ "angular/CHANGELOG.md". GitHub. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
  4. ^ "AngularJS and Angular 2+: a Detailed Comparison". 6 April 2018.
  5. ^ "Angular". angular.io. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
  6. ^ "Stack Overflow Developer Survey 2023". Stack Overflow. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
  7. ^ "Angular Docs". angular.io.
  8. ^ "What's the difference between AngularJS and Angular?". gorrion.io. September 19, 2017. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
  9. ^ "Composing with Components · Angular". angular.dev. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
  10. ^ Chidester, Ashlan (2025-08-06). Discover Angular. ISBN 9798224446049.
  11. ^ "Understanding binding · Angular". angular.dev. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
  12. ^ "Dependency injection in Angular". angular.dev. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
  13. ^ "Directives · Overview · Angular". angular.dev. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
  14. ^ "Routing · Overview · Angular". angular.dev. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
  15. ^ "Angular CLI · Overview · Angular". angular.dev. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
  16. ^ ?urawski, Pawe? (2025-08-06). "Angular SSR: Your server-side rendering implementation guide". Pretius. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
  17. ^ "NG-Conf 2014 keynote". youtube.com. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
  18. ^ @angularjs (30 Apr 2015). "Angular 2 moves from Alpha to Developer Preview! Dev guide and API docs now available at ... angular.io/docs/js/latest" (Tweet). Retrieved 2025-08-06 – via Twitter.
  19. ^ "Angular: Angular 2 Beta". angularjs.blogspot.it. Archived from the original on 2025-08-06. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
  20. ^ "angular/angular". GitHub. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
  21. ^ Thompson, Mark (2025-08-06). "Angular v13 is now Available". Angular Blog. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
  22. ^ Gechev, Minko (2025-08-06). "Introducing Angular v17". Angular Blog. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
  23. ^ "Angular: Branding Guidelines for AngularJS". Archived from the original on 2025-08-06. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
  24. ^ Gechev, Minko (2025-08-06). "Announcing Angular v20". Medium. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
  25. ^ Gechev, Minko (2025-08-06). "Meet Angular v19". Medium. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
  26. ^ Gechev, Minko (2025-08-06). "Angular v18 is now available!". Medium. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
  27. ^ a b Gechev, Minko (8 November 2023). "Introducing Angular v17". Medium. Angular Blog. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
  28. ^ Gechev, Minko (2025-08-06). "Angular v15 is now available!". Angular Blog. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
  29. ^ Twersky, Emma (2025-08-06). "Angular v14 is now available!". Angular Blog. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
  30. ^ Thompson, Mark (4 November 2021). "Angular v13 is now Available". Angular Blog. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  31. ^ Thompson, Mark (2025-08-06). "Angular v12 is now available". Medium. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
  32. ^ "Version 11 of Angular Now Available". 4 December 2020.
  33. ^ "Version 10 of Angular Now Available". 25 June 2020.
  34. ^ Fluin, Stephen (2025-08-06). "A plan for version 8.0 and Ivy". Angular Blog. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
  35. ^ Fluin, Stephen (2025-08-06). "Version 7 of Angular — CLI Prompts, Virtual Scroll, Drag and Drop and more". Angular Blog. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
  36. ^ "Version 6.0.0 of Angular Now Available". Retrieved 4 May 2018.
  37. ^ Fluin, Stephen. "Version 5.0.0 of Angular Now Available". Retrieved 2 November 2017.
  38. ^ "Angular 5 JavaScript framework delayed". 18 September 2017.
  39. ^ "Angular 4.0.0 Now Available". angularjs.blogspot.ca. Archived from the original on 2025-08-06. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
  40. ^ Fluin, Stephen (6 February 2020). "Version 9 of Angular Now Available — Project Ivy has arrived!". blog.angular.io. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  41. ^ "Angular". angular.io. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
  42. ^ "Angular". angular.dev. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
  43. ^ "Angular Material". material.angular.io.
  44. ^ "How to create Angular 6 Custom Elements and Web Components". 29 September 2018.
  45. ^ Angular 18 Features & Enhancements. Published [20 May 2025]. Accessed [20 May 2025].
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