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< Help:IPA
 | This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Korean on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Korean in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ? ?, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. |
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Korean language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. It is based on the standard dialect of South Korea and may not represent some of the sounds in the North Korean dialect or in other dialects. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
See Korean phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Korean.
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See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ a b c d The plain stops and affricate /p t t? k/ are voiced to [b d d? ɡ] respectively between voiced sounds.
- ^ a b c d ? is voiced between voiced sounds.
- ^ a b [?] is the allophone of /h/ before /u/ or /w/.
- ^ a b [?] is the allophone of /h/ before /i/ or /j/.
- ^ a b [? ??] are the allophones of /s? s?/ before /i/ and /j/.
- ^ a b c d [ts ts? ts? dz] occur in the North Korean dialect.
- ^ a b [x] is the allophone of /h/ before /?/.
- ^ /j/ cannot be spelled by itself, but by doubling the short line on the vowel which it phonetically precedes.
- ^ ? and ? are [k?] and RR k at the end of a syllable.
- ^ ? is [?] at the end of a syllable. ?? and ?? may be [??].
- ^ ? is [m] before /n/ or /m/.
- ^ ? may be [n] at the start of a word. ?, ?, ? are [n] before /n/ or /m/.
- ^ ? is [?] at the end of a syllable. ? is [?] before /n/, /m/, or /?/.
- ^ ? and ? are [p?] and RR p at the end of a syllable.
- ^ ?, ?, ?, ?, ? are [t?] and RR t at the end of a syllable.
- ^ a b c /w/ is spelled ? before /?/, /e/, /i/ (the latter combination producing /y/~[?i]) and ? before /?/, /a/; ? /?/ can also be pronounced [we].
- ^ In Standard Korean, vowel length is contrastive, but this has mostly been lost in the spoken language.
- ^ Vowel length is not reflected in the romanization.
- ^ a b When ? is preceded by anything but ?, /?i/ is interchangeable with, or completely shifted to /i/.
- ^ Resulting from various sequences of consonants (and their relative transcriptions) in regressive assimilation.
References
[edit]- Heo, Yong (2013). "An analysis and interpretation of Korean vowel systems". Acta Koreana. 16 (1): 23–43.
- Lee, Hyun-bok (1999). "An IPA Illustration of Korean". Handbook of the International Phonetic Association. p. 120–123.
- Lee, Hyun-bok (2002). ??? ??? ??? ??? [Phonetic Notation in Phonetic Research: IPA and International Korean Phonetic Alphabet] (PDF). INTERSPEECH-2002.
- Lee, Hyun-bok (2004). In search of a universal phonetic alphabet – theory and application of an organic visible speech (PDF). INTERSPEECH-2004.
- Shin, J. (2015). Vowels and Consonants. In L. Brown & J. Yeon (Eds.). The Handbook of Korean Linguistics (pp. 36–21). Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell.
- Shin, J., Kiaer, J., & Cha, J. (2012). The Sounds of Korean. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
- Sohn, Ho-min (2001). The Korean Language. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521369436.