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ISO 639-5:2008 "Codes for the representation of names of languages—Part 5: Alpha-3 code for language families and groups" is an international standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It was developed by ISO Technical Committee 37, Subcommittee 2, and first published on May 15, 2008. It is part of the ISO 639 series of standards.

Collective codes

This is a list of ISO 639-5 codes, including the code hierarchy as given in the ISO 639-5 registry. The code und (undetermined) from ISO 639-2 can be seen as top of the hierarchy (for example, und:aav, und:euq:eu). The hierarchy is not a complete genetic hierarchy; some of the collection codes are based on geography (like nai) or category (like crp) instead.

ISO 639-5 defines alpha-3 (3-letter) codes, called "collective codes", that identify language families and groups. As of the February 11, 2013, update to ISO 639-5, the standard defines 115 collective codes. The United States Library of Congress maintains the list of Alpha-3 codes that comprise ISO 639-5.

The standard does not cover all language families used by linguists. The languages covered by a group code need not be linguistically related, but may have a geographic relation, or category relation (such as Creoles).

Hierarchy	639-5	639-2	Language collection name	Notes
aav	aav		Austro-Asiatic languages	South-Asiatic languages, not related to Australian languages
afa	afa	afa	Afro-Asiatic languages
nai:aql:alg	alg	alg	Algonquian languages
nic:alv	alv		Atlantic-Congo languages
nai:xnd:ath:apa	apa	apa	Apache languages
sai:aqa	aqa		Alacalufan languages
nai:aql	aql		Algic languages
art	art	art	Artificial languages
nai:xnd:ath	ath	ath	Athapascan languages
sai:awd:auf	auf		Arauan languages
aus	aus	aus	Australian languages
sai:awd	awd		Arawakan languages
nai:azc	azc		Uto-Aztecan languages
nic:alv:bad	bad	bad	Banda languages
nic:alv:bai	bai	bai	Bamileke languages
ine:bat	bat	bat	Baltic languages
afa:ber	ber	ber	Berber languages
ine:iir:inc:bih	bih	bih	Bihari languages
nic:alv:bnt	bnt	bnt	Bantu languages
map:poz:pqw:btk	btk	btk	Batak languages
cai	cai	cai	Central American Indian languages
cau	cau	cau	Caucasian languages
sai:cba	cba		Chibchan languages
cau:ccn	ccn		North Caucasian languages
cau:ccs	ccs		South Caucasian languages
afa:cdc	cdc		Chadic languages
nai:cdd	cdd		Caddoan languages
ine:cel	cel	cel	Celtic languages
map:poz:pqw:cmc	cmc	cmc	Chamic languages
crp:cpe	cpe	cpe	creoles and pidgins, English-based
crp:cpf	cpf	cpf	creoles and pidgins, French-based
crp:cpp	cpp	cpp	creoles and pidgins, Portuguese-based
crp	crp	crp	creoles and pidgins
ssa:csu	csu		Central Sudanic languages
afa:cus	cus	cus	Cushitic languages
map:poz:day	day	day	Land Dayak languages	not to be confused with Dayak languages, which is a larger group
nic:dmn	dmn		Mande languages
dra	dra	dra	Dravidian languages
afa:egx	egx		Egyptian languages
esx	esx		Eskimo-Aleut languages
euq	euq		Basque (family)	Basque (eu/eus/baq) is an individual language covered by this collection code
urj:fiu	fiu	fiu	Finno-Ugrian languages
map:fox	fox		Formosan languages
ine:gem	gem	gem	Germanic languages
ine:gem:gme	gme		East Germanic languages
ine:gem:gmq	gmq		North Germanic languages
ine:gem:gmw	gmw		West Germanic languages
ine:grk	grk		Greek languages
hmx	hmx		Hmong-Mien languages
nai:hok	hok		Hokan languages
ine:hyx	hyx		Armenian (family)	Armenian (hy/hye/arm) is an individual language covered by this collection code
ine:iir	iir		Indo-Iranian languages
nic:alv:ijo	ijo	ijo	Ijo languages
ine:iir:inc	inc	inc	Indic languages
ine	ine	ine	Indo-European languages
ine:iir:ira	ira	ira	Iranian languages
nai:iro	iro	iro	Iroquoian languages
ine:itc	itc		Italic languages
jpx	jpx		Japanese (family)	Japanese (ja/jpn) is an individual language covered by this collection code
sit:tbq:kar	kar	kar	Karen languages
nic:kdo	kdo		Kordofanian languages
khi	khi	khi	Khoisan languages
nic:alv:kro	kro	kro	Kru languages
map	map	map	Austronesian languages
aav:mkh	mkh	mkh	Mon-Khmer languages
map:poz:pqw:phi:mno	mno	mno	Manobo languages
aav:mun	mun	mun	Munda languages
cai:myn	myn	myn	Mayan languages
nai:azc:nah	nah	nah	Nahuatl languages
nai	nai	nai	North American Indian languages
paa:ngf	ngf		Trans-New Guinea languages
nic	nic	nic	Niger-Kordofanian languages
ssa:sdv:nub	nub	nub	Nubian languages
cai:omq	omq		Oto-Manguean languages
afa:omv	omv		Omotic languages
cai:omq:oto	oto	oto	Otomian languages
paa	paa	paa	Papuan languages
map:poz:pqw:phi	phi	phi	Philippine languages
map:poz:plf	plf		Central Malayo-Polynesian languages
map:poz	poz		Malayo-Polynesian languages
map:poz:pqe	pqe		Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages
map:poz:pqw	pqw		Western Malayo-Polynesian languages
ine:iir:inc:pra	pra	pra	Prakrit languages
sai:qwe	qwe		Quechuan (family)	Quechua (qu/que) is a macrolanguage covered by this collection code
ine:itc:roa	roa	roa	Romance languages
sai	sai	sai	South American Indian languages
nai:sal	sal	sal	Salishan languages
ssa:sdv	sdv		Eastern Sudanic languages
afa:sem	sem	sem	Semitic languages
sgn	sgn	sgn	sign languages
nai:sio	sio	sio	Siouan languages
sit	sit	sit	Sino-Tibetan languages
ine:sla	sla	sla	Slavic languages
urj:fiu:smi	smi	smi	Sami languages
ssa:son	son	son	Songhai languages
ine:sqj	sqj		Albanian languages	Albanian (sq/sqi/alb) is a macrolanguage covered by this collection code
ssa	ssa	ssa	Nilo-Saharan languages
urj:syd	syd		Samoyedic languages
tai	tai	tai	Tai languages	Thai (th/tha) is an individual language covered by this collection code
sit:tbq	tbq		Tibeto-Burman languages
tut:trk	trk		Turkic languages	Turkish (tr/tur) is an individual language covered by this collection code
sai:tup	tup	tup	Tupi languages
tut	tut	tut	Altaic languages
tut:tuw	tuw		Tungus languages
urj	urj		Uralic languages
nai:wak	wak	wak	Wakashan languages
ine:sla:zlw:wen	wen	wen	Sorbian languages
tut:xgn	xgn		Mongolian languages	Mongolian (mn/mon) is a macrolanguage covered by this collection code
nai:xnd	xnd		Na-Dene languages
esx:ypk	ypk	ypk	Yupik languages
sit:zhx	zhx		Chinese (family)	Chinese (zh/zho/chi) is a macrolanguage covered by this collection code
ine:sla:zle	zle		East Slavic languages
ine:sla:zls	zls		South Slavic languages
ine:sla:zlw	zlw		West Slavic languages
nic:alv:znd	znd	znd	Zande languages	Zande (individual language) (zne) is an individual language covered by this collection code

SIL International treats ISO 639-2 code him (Himachali languages / Western Pahari languages) as an ISO 639-5 code, although it does not appear in the official list of ISO 639-5 codes maintained by the Library of Congress (the registration authority for ISO 639-5).

Relationship to other parts of ISO 639

See also: ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-3

Some of the codes in ISO 639-5 codes are also found in the ISO 639-2 "Alpha-3 code" standard. ISO 639-2 contains codes for some individual languages, some ISO 639 macrolanguage codes, and some collective codes; any code found in ISO 639-2 is also found in either ISO 639-3 or ISO 639-5.

Languages, families, or group codes in ISO 639-2 can be of type "group" (g) or "remainder group" (r). A "group" consists of several related languages; a "remainder group" is a group of several related languages from which some specific languages have been excluded. However, in ISO 639-5, the "remainder groups" do not exclude any languages. Because ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-5 use the same Alpha-3 codes, but do not always refer to the same list of languages for any given code, the languages an Alpha-3 code refers to can not be determined unless it is known whether the code is used in the context of ISO 639-2 or ISO 639-5.

Examples of ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-5 code relationships

Alpha-3 code	ISO 639-2 type	ISO 639-2 definition	ISO 639-5 definition
afa	remainder group (r)	Afro-Asiatic languages	all Afro-Asiatic languages
alg	normal group (g)	all Algonquian languages	all Algonquian languages
sqj	not defined	not defined	Albanian languages

History

The committee draft of ISO 639-5 was issued on February 23, 2005. Voting on the draft terminated on July 5, 2005; the draft was approved.

In 2006, the target publication date for the final standard was set at October 30, 2007. During the approval stage for the standard, the ISO final draft international standard ballot was not initiated until February 8, 2008. Voting ended on April 10, 2008 ("stage 50.60").

The standard was published on May 15, 2008.

Updates were made in August 2008, February 2009, and February 2013.

Sources

• "ISO 639-5 codes ordered by Identifier". ISO 639-5 Registration Authority - Library of Congress. 2025-08-14. Retrieved 2025-08-14.

External links

• "ISO 639 Registration Authority Report 2004–2005" (PDF). www.niso.org. National Information Standards Organization. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 28, 2006.
• Constable, Peter (August 20, 2004). "What's the plan for ISO 639-3 and RFC 3066 ter?". ietf-languages (Mailing list). Retrieved August 23, 2010.
• ISO website for purchasing a copy of the ISO 639-5 standard
• ISO 639-5 Registration Authority - Library of Congress