邢台桥东区红星东社区 聊天服务队情暖空巢老人
A number of trigraphs are found in the Latin script.
A
[edit]⟨aai⟩ is used for /a?i?/ in Dutch and various Cantonese romanisations.
⟨abh⟩ is used for /?u?/ (/o?/ in Ulster) in Irish.
⟨adh⟩ is used for /?i?/ (/e?/ in Ulster) in Irish, when stressed or for /?/ (/u?/ in Mayo and Ulster), when unstressed word-finally.
⟨aei⟩ is used for /e?/ in Irish.
⟨agh⟩ is used for /?i?/ (/e?/ in Ulster) in Irish.
⟨aim⟩ is used for /??/ (/?m/ before a vowel) in French.
⟨ain⟩ is used for /??/ (/?n/ before a vowel) in French. It also represents /??/ in Tibetan Pinyin, where it is alternatively written ⟨?n⟩.
⟨aío⟩ is used for /i?/ in Irish, between broad consonants.
⟨air⟩ is used for /??/ in RP, as in chair.
⟨amh⟩ is used for /?u?/ in Irish.
⟨aoi⟩ is used for /i?/ in Irish, between a broad and a slender consonant.
⟨aon⟩ is used for /ɑ?/ (/ɑn/ before a vowel) in French.
⟨aou⟩ is used for /u/ in French.
⟨ao?⟩ is used in a few words in French for /u/.
⟨aqh⟩ is used for the strident vowel /a?/ in Taa (If IPA does not display properly, it is an ⟨a⟩ with a double tilde ⟨≈⟩ underneath.)
B–C
[edit]⟨bhf⟩ is used for /w/ and /v?/ in Irish. It is used for the eclipsis of ⟨f⟩.
⟨c?h⟩ is used for /x/ (a voiceless velar fricative) in Breton. It should not be confused with ch, which represents /?/ (a voiceless postalveolar fricative).
⟨cci⟩ is used for /t??/ before ⟨a⟩, ⟨o⟩, ⟨u⟩ in Italian.
⟨ccs⟩ is used for [t??] in Hungarian for germinated ⟨cs⟩. It is collated as ⟨cs⟩ rather than as ⟨c⟩. It is only used within roots; when two ⟨cs⟩ are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence ⟨cscs⟩.
⟨chd⟩ is used for /d?/ in Eskayan romanised orthography and /xk/ in Scottish Gaelic.
⟨chh⟩ is used for /t??/ in Quechua and romanizations of Indic languages
⟨chj⟩ is used in for /c/ in Corsican.
⟨chw⟩ is used for /w/ in southern dialects of Welsh
D
[edit]⟨dch⟩ is used for the prevoiced aspirated affricate /d?t??/ in Ju??hoan.
⟨ddh⟩ is used for the dental affricate /tθ/ in Chipewyan.
⟨ddz⟩ is a long Hungarian ⟨dz⟩, [d?z]. It is collated as ⟨dz⟩ rather than as ⟨d⟩. It is not used within roots, where ⟨dz⟩ may be either long or short; but when an assimilated suffix is added to the stem, it may form the trigraph rather than the regular sequence *⟨dzdz⟩. Examples are eddze, lopóddzon.
⟨djx⟩ is used for the prevoiced uvularized affricate /d?t??/ in Ju??hoan.
⟨dlh⟩ is used for /t??/ in the Romanized Popular Alphabet of Hmong.
⟨drz⟩ is used for /d?/ in English transcriptions of the Polish digraph ⟨d?⟩.
⟨dsh⟩ is used for the foreign sound /d?/ in German. A common variant is the tetragraph ⟨dsch⟩. It is used in Ju??hoan for the prevoiced aspirated affricate /d?ts?/.
⟨dsj⟩ is used for foreign loan words with /d?/ Norwegian. Sometimes the digraph dj is used.
⟨dtc⟩ is used for the voiced palatal click /??/ in Naro.
⟨dzh⟩ is used for /d?/ in English transcriptions of the Russian digraph ⟨дж⟩. In the practical orthography of Taa, where it represents the prevoiced affricate /dts?/.
⟨dzi⟩ is used for /d?/ when it precedes a vowel and /d?i/ otherwise in Polish, and is considered a variant of the digraph d? appearing in other situations.
⟨dzs⟩ is used for the voiced palato-alveolar affricate /d?/ in Hungarian
⟨dzv⟩ is used for the whistled sibilant affricate /d?z??/ in Shona.
⟨dzx⟩ is used for the prevoiced uvularized affricate /d?ts?/ in Ju??hoan.
E
[edit]⟨eai⟩ is used for /a/ in Irish, between slender consonants. It is also used in French for /e/ after ⟨g⟩.
⟨eái⟩ is used for /a?/ in Irish, between slender consonants.
⟨eau⟩ is used for /o/ in French and is a word itself meaning "water".
⟨eaw⟩ is used for /??/ in Lancashire dialect.
⟨eeu⟩ is used for /i?u/ in Afrikaans.
⟨ein⟩ is used for /??/ (/?n/ before a vowel) in French.
⟨eoi⟩ is used for /o?/ in Irish, between slender consonants. It is also used in Cantonese Jyutping for /?y?/.
⟨eqh⟩ is used for the strident vowel /e?/ in the practical orthography of Taa (If this symbol does not display properly, it is an ⟨e⟩ with a double tilde ⟨≈⟩ underneath).
⟨eui⟩ is used in Cantonese Yale romanisation for /?y?/.
F
[edit]⟨fnd⟩ is used for /mt/ in Icelandic.
⟨fnt⟩ is used for /m?t/ in Icelandic.
G
[edit]⟨geü⟩ is used for /?y/ in French words such as vergeüre.
⟨ggi⟩ is used for /d??/ before ⟨a⟩, ⟨o⟩, ⟨u⟩ in Italian.
⟨ggj⟩ is used for /??/ in the Nynorsk Norwegian standard; e.g., leggja "lay".
⟨ggw⟩ is used for ejective /k??/ in Hadza.
⟨ggy⟩ is used for [??] in Hungarian as a geminated ⟨gy⟩. It is collated as ⟨gy⟩ rather than as ⟨g⟩. It is only used within roots; when two ⟨gy⟩ are brought together in a compound
⟨ghj⟩ is used for /?/ in Corsican.
⟨ghw⟩ is used for a labialized velar/uvular /??/ in Chipewyan. In Canadian Tlingit it represents /q?/, which is written ⟨gw⟩ in Alaska. It is also used for /??/ in Gwich'in.
⟨gli⟩ is used for /??/ before a vowel other than ⟨i⟩ in Italian.
⟨gln⟩ is used for /?n/ in Talossan.
⟨gni⟩ is used for /?/ in a few French words such as chataignier /?ɑt??e/.
⟨gqh⟩ is used for the prevoiced affricate /?q?/ in the practical orthography of Taa.
⟨gu?⟩ and ⟨güe⟩ are used for /ɡy/ at the ends of words that end in the feminine suffix -e in French. E.g. aigu? "sharp" and ambigu? "ambiguous". In the French spelling reform of 1990, it was recommended that traditional ⟨gu?⟩ be changed to ⟨güe⟩.
⟨g?h⟩ ⟨g?h⟩ ⟨g∥h⟩ ⟨g?h⟩ are used in Ju??hoan for its four prevoiced aspirated clicks, /????, ????, ??∥?, ????/.
⟨g?k⟩ ⟨g?k⟩ ⟨g∥k⟩ ⟨g?k⟩ are used in Ju??hoan for its four prevoiced affricate ejective-contour clicks, /????χ?, ????χ?, ??∥?χ?, ????χ?/.
⟨g?x⟩ ⟨g?x⟩ ⟨g∥x⟩ ⟨g?x⟩ are used in Ju??hoan for its four prevoiced affricate pulmonic-contour clicks, /????χ, ????χ, ??∥?χ, ????χ/.
H
[edit]⟨hhw⟩ is used for a labialized velar/uvular /χ?/ in Chipewyan.
⟨hky⟩ is used for the aspirated voiceless post-alveolar affricate /t???/ in some romanizations of Burmese ?? or ??.
⟨hml⟩ is used for /m??/ in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong.
⟨hny⟩ is used for /??/ in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong.
I
[edit]⟨idh⟩ is used for an unstressed word-final /?j/ in Irish, which is realised as /i?/, /?/ and /??/ depending on dialect.
⟨ie?⟩ represents /i?/ in Afrikaans.
⟨igh⟩ is used for an unstressed word-final /?j/ in Irish, which is realised as /i?/, /?/ and /??/ depending on dialect. In English it may be used for /a?/, e.g. light /la?t/.
⟨ign⟩ is used for /?/ in a few French words such as oignon /????/ "onion" and encoignure "corner". It was eliminated in the French spelling reform of 1990, but continues to be used.
⟨ije⟩ is used for /je/ or /je?/ in the ijekavian reflex of Serbo-Croatian.
⟨ilh⟩ is used for /?/ in Breton.
⟨ill⟩ is used for /j/ in French, as in épouiller /epuje/.
⟨iqh⟩ is used for the strident vowel /i?/ in the practical orthography of Taa. (If IPA does not display properly, it is an ⟨i⟩ with a double tilde ⟨≈⟩ underneath.)
⟨iúi⟩ is used for /u?/ in Irish, between slender consonants.
J–L
[edit]⟨khu⟩ is used for /k??/ in Ossete.
⟨khw⟩ is used for /q??/ in Canadian Tlingit, which is written ⟨kw⟩ in Alaska. It is also used for /x?/ in Gwich'in.
⟨kkj⟩ is used for /??/ in the Nynorsk Norwegian standard, e.g. in ikkje "not".
⟨kng⟩ is used for /??/ in Arrernte.
⟨k'u⟩ is used for /k??/ in Purépecha.
⟨kw'⟩ is used for /k??/ in Nuxalk.
⟨kwh⟩ is a common convention for /k??/.
⟨lhw⟩ is used for /l??/ in Arrernte.
⟨lli⟩ is used for /j/ after /i/ in a few French words, such as coquillier.
⟨lly⟩ is used for [j? ~ ??] in Hungarian as a geminated ⟨ly⟩. It is collated as ⟨ly⟩ rather than as ⟨l⟩. It is only used within roots; when two ⟨ly⟩ are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence ⟨lyly⟩.
⟨lyw⟩ is used for /??/ in Arrernte.
M
[edit]⟨mbw⟩ is used for /?b?/ in Shona.
⟨mpt⟩ is used for the /w?t/ sound in Portuguese.
N
[edit]⟨nch⟩ is used for /???/ in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong.
⟨ndl⟩ is used for /nd?/ in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong. In Xhosa is represents /nd?/.
⟨ndz⟩ is used for /ndz/ in Xhosa.
⟨ng?⟩ is used for /?/ in Swahili. Technically, it may be considered a digraph rather than a trigraph, as ⟨?⟩ is not a letter of the Swahili alphabet.
⟨ngb⟩ is used for /?ɡ?b/, a prenasalised ⟨gb⟩ /ɡ?b/, in some African orthographies.
⟨ngc⟩ is used for /???/ in Xhosa.
⟨ngg⟩ is used for /?ɡ/ in several languages such as Filipino and Malay that use ⟨ng⟩ for /?/.
⟨ngh⟩ is used for /?/, before ⟨e⟩, ⟨i⟩, and ⟨y⟩, in Vietnamese. In Welsh, it represents a voiceless velar nasal (a ⟨c⟩ under the nasal mutation). In Xhosa, ⟨ngh⟩ represents a murmured velar nasal.
⟨ng'h⟩ is used for voiceless /??/ in Gogo.
⟨ngk⟩ is used for a back velar stop, /?ɡ? ~ ??/, in Yanyuwa
⟨ngm⟩ is used for doubly articulated consonant /??m/ in Yél? Dnye of Papua New Guinea.
⟨ngq⟩ is used for /???/ in Xhosa.
⟨ngv⟩ is used for /??/ in Bouyei and Standard Zhuang.
⟨ngw⟩ is used /??/ or /?ɡ?/ in the orthographies of several languages.
⟨ngx⟩ is used for /?∥?/ in Xhosa.
⟨nhw⟩ is used for /n??/ in Arrernte.
⟨nkc⟩ is info for /?.?/ in Xhosa.
⟨nkh⟩ is used in for /?ɡ?/ the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong.
⟨nkp⟩ is used for /?k?p/, a prenasalized /k?p/, in some African orthographies.
⟨nkq⟩ is used for the alveolar click /?.?/ in Xhosa.
⟨nkx⟩ is used for the prenasalized lateral click /?.∥/ in Xhosa.
⟨nng⟩ is used in Inuktitut and Greenlandic to write a long (geminate) velar nasal, /??/.
⟨nny⟩ is a long Hungarian ⟨ny⟩, [??]. It is collated as ⟨ny⟩ rather than as ⟨n⟩. It is only used within roots; when two ⟨ny⟩ are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence ⟨nyny⟩.
⟨nph⟩ is used for /mb?/ in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong.
⟨npl⟩ is used for /mb?/ in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong.
⟨nqh⟩ is used for /???/ in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong.
⟨nrh⟩ is used for /???/ in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong.
⟨ntc⟩ is used for the click /??/ in Naro.
⟨nth⟩ is used for /nd?/ in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong. In the transcription of Australian Aboriginal languages such as Yanyuwa it represents a dental stop, /n?t? ~ n?d?/.
⟨ntj⟩ is used for /nt??/ in Cypriot Arabic.
⟨ntl⟩ is used for /nt??/ in Xhosa.
⟨nts⟩ is used for /???/ in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong. In Malagasy it represents /?ts/.
⟨ntx⟩ is used for /ndz/ in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong.
⟨nyh⟩ is used for /n??/ in Xhosa. In Gogo it's voiceless /??/.
⟨nyk⟩ is used for a pre-velar stop, /?ɡ? ~ ?k?/ in Yanyuwa.
⟨nyw⟩ is used for /??/ in Arrernte.
⟨nzv⟩ is used for the prenasalized whistled sibilant /?z??/ in Shona.
⟨n?h⟩ ⟨n?h⟩ ⟨n∥h⟩ ⟨n?h⟩ are used in Ju??hoan for its four murmured nasal clicks, /???, ???, ?∥?, ???/.
O
[edit]⟨obh⟩ is used for /?u?/ (/o?/ in Ulster) in Irish.
⟨odh⟩ is used for /?u?/ (/o?/ in Ulster) in Irish.
⟨oe?⟩ is used for /u?/ in Afrikaans.
⟨oei⟩ is used for /ui?/ in Dutch and Afrikaans.
⟨oen⟩ is that represents a Walloon nasal vowel.
⟨oeu⟩ is used for /?/ and /??/ in the Classical Milanese orthography for the Milanese dialect of Lombard.
⟨ogh⟩ is used for /?u?/ (/o?/ in Ulster) in Irish.
⟨oin⟩ is used for /w??/ (/w?n/ before a vowel) in French. In Tibetan Pinyin, it represents /??/ and is alternately ?n.
⟨oío⟩ is used for /i?/ in Irish, between broad consonants.
⟨omh⟩ is used for /o?/ in Irish.
⟨ooi⟩ is used for /o?i?/ in Dutch and Afrikaans.
⟨oqh⟩ is used for the strident vowel /o?/ in the practical orthography of Taa. (If this symbol does not display properly, it is an ⟨o⟩ with a double tilde ⟨≈⟩ underneath.)
P–R
[edit]⟨p'h⟩ is used in Kuanua, in p'hoq?e'? "water".
⟨plh⟩ is used for /p??/ in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong.
⟨pmw⟩ is used for /?m?/ in Arrernte.
⟨pqb⟩ is used for /?q?/ in Soninke.
⟨pss⟩ is used for /ps?/ in Silesian.
⟨que⟩ is used for final /k/ in some English words of French origin, such as macaque, oblique, opaque, and torque.
⟨quh⟩ is used for /k/ in several English names of Scots origin, such as Sanquhar, Farquhar, and Urquhart or /h/, as in Colquhoun.
⟨qw'⟩ is used for /q??/ in Nuxalk.
⟨qx?⟩ is used for the affricate /qχ?/ in the practical orthography of Taa.
⟨rlw⟩ is used for /??/ in Arrernte.
⟨rnd⟩ is used for a retroflex stop /?? ~ ??/ in Yanyuwa.
⟨rng⟩ is used for [??], a uvular nasal followed by velar nasal, in Inuktitut.
⟨rnw⟩ is used for /??/ in Arrernte.
⟨rrh⟩ is used for /r/ in words of Greek derivation such as diarrhea.
⟨rrw⟩ is used for /r?/ in Arrernte.
⟨rsk⟩ is used for the sje sound /?/ in Swedish as in the word marskalk /'ma?alk/ "marshal".
⟨rtn⟩ is used for /??/ in Arrernte.
⟨rtw⟩ is used for /??/ in Arrernte.
S
[edit]⟨sch⟩ is used for [?] in German and other languages influenced by it such as Low German and Romansh. It is used for the sje sound /?/ in Swedish at the end of a French loanword; e.g., marsch (fr. marche), or in Greek loanwords, such as schema ("schedule") and ischias. In Walloon, it represents a consonant that is variously /h/, /?/, /?/, or /sk/, depending on the dialect. In English, ⟨sch⟩ is usually used for /sk/, but the word schedule (from the Late Latin schedula) can be /sk/ or /?/ depending on dialect. In Dutch, it may represent word-final [s], as in the common suffix -isch and in some (sur)names, like Bosch and Den Bosch. In the Rheinische Dokumenta, ⟨sch⟩ is used to denote the sounds [?], [?] and [?], while ⟨sch⟩ with an arc below denotes [?].
⟨sci⟩ is used in Italian for /??/ before ⟨a⟩, ⟨o⟩, ⟨u⟩.
⟨sh?⟩ is used in Bolivian Quechua for /?/.
⟨shr⟩ is used in Gwich'in for [?].
⟨skj⟩ represents a fricative phoneme /?/ in some Scandinavian languages. In Faroese (e.g. at skjóta "to shoot") and in Norwegian (e.g. kanskje "maybe"), it is a usually the voiceless postalveolar fricative [?]. In Swedish (e.g. skjorta "shirt") it is often realised as the sje sound [?].
⟨ssi⟩ is used for /?/ in English such as in mission. It is used in a few French loanwords in Swedish for the sje sound /?/, e.g. assiett "dessert plate".
⟨ssj⟩ is used for the sje sound /?/ in a few Swedish words between two short vowels, such as h?ssja "hayrack".
⟨ssz⟩ is a long Hungarian ⟨sz⟩, [s?]. It is collated as ⟨sz⟩ rather than as ⟨s⟩. It is only used within roots; when two ⟨sz⟩ are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence ⟨szsz⟩.
⟨sth⟩ is found in words of Greek origin. In French, it is pronounced /s/ before a consonant, as in isthme and asthme; in American English, it is pronounced /s/ in isthmus and /z/ in asthma.
⟨stj⟩ is used for the sje sound /?/ in 5 native Swedish words, it can also represent the voiceless postalveolar fricative /?/ or the consonant cluster /st?/ in Norwegian depending on dialect.
⟨sze⟩ is used for /si?/ in Cantonese romanization.
⟨s-c⟩ and ⟨s-cc⟩ are used for the sequence /st?/ in Piedmontese.
⟨s-g⟩ and ⟨s-gg⟩ are used for the sequence /zd?/ in Piedmontese.
T
[edit]⟨tcg⟩ is used for the click /?χ/ in Naro.
⟨tch⟩ is used for the aspirated click /??/ in Naro, the aspirated affricate /t??/ in Sandawe, Hadza and Ju??hoan, and the affricate /t?/ in French and Portuguese. In modern Walloon it is /t?/, which used to be written ch. In Swedish it is used for the affricate /t?/ in a small number of English loanwords, such as match and batch. In English it is a variant of the digraph ⟨ch⟩, used in situations similar to those that trigger the digraph ⟨ck⟩ for ⟨k⟩.
⟨tcx⟩ is used for the uvularized affricate /t??/ in Ju??hoan.
⟨thn⟩ and ⟨tnh⟩ are used for /??n?/ in Arrernte.
⟨ths⟩ is used for /ts?/ in Xhosa. It is often replaced with the ambiguous trigraph ⟨tsh⟩.
⟨thw⟩ is used for /t??/ in Arrernte.
⟨tl'⟩ is used for /t???/ in Nuxalk.
⟨tlh⟩ is used for /t??/ in languages such as Tswana, and is /t?/ in the fictional Klingon language from Star Trek, where it is treated as a single letter.
⟨tll⟩ is used in Catalan for /??/. In Valencian and Balearic it represents /?/.
⟨tnh⟩ and ⟨thn⟩ are used for /??n?/ in Arrernte.
⟨tnw⟩ is used for /?n?/ in Arrernte.
⟨tny⟩ is used for /??/ in Arrernte.
⟨ts'⟩ is used for /t?s?/ in Nuxalk.
⟨tsg⟩ is used for /tsχ/ in Naro.
⟨tsh⟩ is used in various languages, such as Ju??hoan, for the aspirated affricate /ts?/. In the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong, it represents the sound /t??/. In Xhosa, it may be used to write /ts?/, /t??/, or /t??/, though it is sometimes limited to /t??/, with /ts?/ and /t??/ distinguished as ⟨ths⟩ and ⟨thsh⟩.
⟨tsj⟩ is used for /t?/ in Dutch and Norwegian.
⟨tsv⟩ is used for the whistled sibilant affricate /t?s?/ in Shona.
⟨tsx⟩ is used for the uvularized affricate /ts?/ in Ju??hoan.
⟨tsy⟩ is used for /t?/ or /d?/ in Seneca, can also be ⟨j⟩.
⟨tsz⟩ is used for the syllables /t?si/ and /t?s?i/ in Cantonese romanization.
⟨tth⟩ is used for dental affricate /tθ?/ in Chipewyan.
⟨ttl⟩ is used for ejective /t??/ in Haida (Bringhurst orthography).
⟨tts⟩ is used for ejective /ts?/ in Haida (Bringhurst orthography).
⟨tty⟩ is used for [c?] in Hungarian as a geminated ⟨ty⟩. It is collated as ⟨ty⟩ rather than as ⟨t⟩. It is only used within roots; when two ⟨ty⟩ are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence ⟨tyty⟩.
⟨txh⟩ is used for /ts?/ in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong.
⟨tyh⟩ is used for /t??/ in Xhosa.
⟨tyw⟩ is used for /c?/ in Arrernte.
⟨tze⟩ is used for /t?si/ in Cantonese names (such as Cheung Tze-keung) or in Chinese names (such as Yangtze).
U–W
[edit]⟨uío⟩ is used for /i?/ in Irish, between broad consonants.
⟨uqh⟩ is used for the strident vowel /u?/ in the practical orthography of Taa. (If this symbol does not display properly, it is an ⟨u⟩ with a double tilde ⟨≈⟩ underneath.)
⟨urr⟩ is used for /χ?/ in Central Alaskan Yup'ik.
X–Z
[edit]⟨xhw⟩ is used for /χ?/ in Canadian Tlingit, which is written ⟨xw⟩ in Alaska.
⟨zhr⟩ is used in Gwich'in for [?].
⟨zzs⟩ is used for [??] in Hungarian as a geminated ⟨zs⟩. It is collated as ⟨zs⟩ rather than as ⟨z⟩. It is only used within roots; when two ⟨zs⟩ are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence ⟨zszs⟩.
Other
[edit]⟨?gb⟩ (capital ⟨?gb⟩) is used for [??mɡ?b] in Kabiye, a pre-nasalized ⟨gb⟩.
⟨??h⟩ ⟨??h⟩ ⟨∥?h⟩ ⟨??h⟩ are used in Ju??hoan for its four aspirated nasal clicks, /????, ????, ??∥?, ????/.
⟨?kx⟩ ⟨?kh⟩ ⟨∥kx⟩ ⟨?kx⟩ are used in Khoekhoe for its four plain aspirated clicks, /??, ??, ∥?, ??/.