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In multiplayer online games, a MUSH (a backronymed[1] variation on MUD most often expanded as Multi-User Shared Hallucination,[2][3][4] though Multi-User Shared Hack,[5] Habitat, and Holodeck are also observed) is a text-based online social medium to which multiple users are connected at the same time. MUSHes are often used for online social interaction and role-playing games,[6] although the first forms of MUSH do not appear to be coded specifically to implement gaming activity.[5] MUSH software was originally derived from MUDs; today's two major MUSH variants are descended from TinyMUD, which was fundamentally a social game.[7] MUSH has forked over the years and there are now different varieties with different features, although most have strong similarities and one who is fluent in coding one variety can switch to coding for the other with only a little effort.[7] The source code for most widely used MUSH servers is open source and available from its current maintainers.[7][8]
A primary feature of MUSH codebases that tends to distinguish it from other multi-user environments is the ability, by default, of any player to extend the world by creating new rooms or objects and specifying their behavior in the MUSH's internal scripting language.[9]
The programming language for MUSH, usually referred to as "MUSHcode" or "softcode" (to distinguish it from "hardcode" – the language in which the MUSH server itself is written) was developed by Larry Foard. TinyMUSH started life as a set of enhancements to the original TinyMUD code. "MUSHcode" is similar in syntax to Lisp.[10]
Roleplay
[edit]Traditionally, roleplay consists of a series of "poses". Each character makes a "pose" – that is, writes a description of speech, actions, etc. which the character performs. Special commands allow players to print OOC (out of character) messages, distinguished by a prefixed string from IC (in character) action. This medium borrows traits from both improvisational stage acting and writing. Roleplaying is one of the primary activities of MUSHes, along with socializing.[11][12][13][14][15]
There is nothing in the code base that restricts a new MUSH from being a traditional hack-and-slash MUD-style game.[16] However, the earliest uses of MUSH servers were for roleplaying and socializing, and these early trends have largely governed their descendants.[16]
Administration
[edit]All MUSH servers provide a flag that, when set on a player, bestows the ability to view and modify nearly everything in the game's database. Such players are usually called Wizards, and typically form the basis for the MUSH administration.[10]
Software
[edit]Maintainers and developers of MUSH servers have traditionally shared ideas with one another, so most MUSH servers include concepts or code developed originally in other servers. There is particular interest in ensuring that common MUSHcode features work similarly across servers.[8]
PennMUSH, TinyMUSH, TinyMUX and RhostMUSH are all open-source MUSH servers
See also
[edit]- TinyMUD – the ancestor to MUSH servers.[10]
- MOO
- MUCK
- MUD
- Online text-based role-playing game
- Online creation
- MUSHclient
References
[edit]- ^ Burka, Lauren P. (1995). "The MUDline".
MUSH didn't stand for anything, but its authors later decided it meant "Multi-User Shared Hallucination."
- ^ "Beleriand MUSH FAQ". Archived from the original on 2025-08-14. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
MUSH stands for "Multi-User Shared Hallucination."
- ^ "Internet Games About". Archived from the original on 2025-08-14. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
MUSH stands for "Multi-User Shared Hallucination."
- ^ Shah, Rawn; Romine, James (1995). Playing MUDs on the Internet. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 278. ISBN 0-471-11633-5.
Its name, MUSH, stands for Multiuser Shared Hallucination.
- ^ a b Ito, Joi (2006). "Goodbye Privacy Presentation" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2025-08-14. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
They [MUDS] spun off MOOs (MUD object oriented) and MUSHes (Multi-User Shared Hack) where it was more about creating things and creating objects. The kinds of people who participated in MOOs and MUSHes were very different from the kinds of people who participated in MUDs. MUDs were more about constraints and limitations and game-play.
- ^ Bartle, Richard (2003). Designing Virtual Worlds. New Riders. p. 47. ISBN 0-13-101816-7.
MUSHes. Socially oriented, mostly focused on role-playing, but occasionally non-gaming in nature. MUSHes tend to have a Science Fiction setting based on books, comics, or movies, with Fantasy some way behind.
- ^ a b c Schwartz, Alan (2006). "PennMush FAQ". Archived from the original on 2025-08-14. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
- ^ a b Leong, Lydia (1999). "TinyMush Development FAQ".
- ^ Burka, Lauren P. (1995). "The MUDline".
Unlike most previous MUDs, TinyMUD emphasizes world creation over competition.
- ^ a b c Leong, Lydia (1995). "MUSH Manual Version 2.008".
MUSH is a derivative of the original TinyMUD. [...] The programming language of MUSH is most similar to LISP, in its emphasis on lists and the way functions are evaluated.
- ^ One Ring Mush Staff. "MUSH and Roleplaying Etiquette Guidelines".
- ^ StarWars Mush staff. "Interaction – The Power of the POSE".
- ^ One Ring Mush staff. "RolePlay for Newbies".
- ^ Ervin Hearn III (2000). "An Introduction to Mush".
- ^ Platt, Wes (2004). "Taking the Stage".
- ^ a b Smith, Jennifer (1990). "rec.games.mud FAQ".
Each type has its own unique style, and players are rarely forced to stick to one type of playing – there's no rule that says an LPMUD _must_ be a combat-oriented MUD, or that a TinyMUSH must not be a combat-oriented MUD. [...] The Tiny- and Teeny- family of MUDs are usually more social in orientation; the players on those MUDs tend to gather, chat, meet friends, make jokes, and discuss all kinds of things
External links
[edit]- PennMUSH Archived 2025-08-14 at the Wayback Machine developed from TinyMUD and PernMUSH at University of Pennsylvania, and later at University of California, Berkeley and University of Illinois at Chicago.
- TinyMUSH 3.0 through 3.3 (currently in alpha stage of development) derive from a merger of TinyMUSH 2.2.5 and TinyMUX 1.6, both of which ultimately derive from TinyMUD.
- TinyMUX 2.0 through 2.9 derive from TinyMUX 1.6. TinyMUX 1.0 through 1.6 were developed from a fork of TinyMUSH 2.0 10p6 and ultimately from TinyMUD.
- BattletechMUX A TinyMUX 1.6 derived codebase with real-time Battletech extensions.
- RhostMUSH developed from TinyMUD, then TinyMUSE. It is currently opensource.
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