UIC classification of locomotive axle arrangements

百度（浮生）

The UIC classification of locomotive axle arrangements, sometimes known as the German classification^[1] or German system,^[2]^[3] describes the wheel arrangement of locomotives, multiple units and trams. It is used in much of the world, notable exceptions being the United Kingdom and North America^[a].

The classification system is managed by the International Union of Railways (UIC).^[4]

Structure

The UIC uses the following structure:^[4]

Upper-case letters: Indicate driving axles, starting at A for a single axle. B thus indicates two and C indicates three consecutive pairs of driving wheels.
Lower-case "o": Related to driving axles (minimum 2, "B"), indicates they are individually driven by separate traction motors.
Numbers: Consecutive non-driving axles, starting with 1 for a single axle.
Prime symbol " ′ ": The axles indicated by a single letter or number are mounted on a bogie.
Parentheses: Groups letters and numbers describing the same bogie. For example, (A1A) indicates a three-axle bogie with the outer two axles driven. When parentheses are used around a single letter or number, a prime is not needed to indicate a bogie. Articulated locomotives can be indicated by bracketing the front power unit — for example, the Union Pacific Big Boy, 4-8-8-4 in Whyte notation, is (2′D)D2′ in UIC notation.
Plus sign "+": The locomotive or multiple unit consists of permanently coupled but mechanically separate traction units.

Garratt locomotives are indicated by bracketing or placing plus signs between all individual units.

Other suffixes

h: superheated steam (German: Hei?dampf, lit. 'hot steam')
n: saturated steam (German: Nassdampf, lit. 'wet steam')
v: compound (German: Verbund)
Turb: turbine
number: number of cylinders
t: tank locomotive
tr: tram (urban) locomotive
E: Engerth-type locomotive
G: freight (German: Güterzug, lit. 'goods train'). Also used to indicate shunting locomotives
P: passenger (German: Personenzug, lit. 'passenger train')
S: fast passenger (German: Schnellzug, lit. 'express train')

The most common wheel arrangements in modern locomotives are Bo′Bo′ and Co′Co′.

Examples

The following examples are based on the UIC classification:^[4]

(A1A)(A1A): Two bogies or wheel assemblies under the unit. Each bogie has one powered axle, one idle axle, and one more powered axle. All powered axles are individually driven by traction motors.
BB: Four powered axles all mounted in the locomotive's frame, driven in pairs, i.e. each pair of axles is connected by driving rods or gears. Compare with "D" below. (Whyte notation: 0-4-4-0)
B′B′: Two bogies or wheel assemblies under the unit. Each bogie has two powered axles, connected by driving rods or gears.
Bo′(A1A): Two bogies or wheel assemblies. The "Bo′" bogie is under one end of the unit, and has two powered axles, while the "(A1A)" bogie under the other end of the unit has one powered axle, one idle axle, and another powered axle. All powered axles are individually driven by traction motors.
Bo′Bo′: Two bogies or wheel assemblies under the unit. Each bogie has two powered axles individually driven by traction motors. Three-quarters of all modern locomotives (and power cars of self-propelled trains) are configured in either this or the "B′B′" arrangement.
Bo′Bo′Bo′: Three bogies or wheel assemblies under the unit. Each bogie has two powered axles individually driven by traction motors.
C: Three powered axles, connected by driving rods or gears, all mounted in the locomotive's frame (Whyte notation: 0-6-0).
C′C′: Two bogies or wheel assemblies under the unit. Each bogie has three powered axles, connected by driving rods or gears. One such example of this type is Southern Pacific 9010.
Co′Co′: Two bogies or wheel assemblies under the unit. Each bogie has three powered axles individually driven by traction motors.
(2Co)(Co2): A locomotive with two bogies, each with two leading axles and three individually powered axles. A number of Japanese electric locomotives used this wheel arrangement, including the JNR Class EF58, and the PRR GG1.
D: Four powered axles, connected by driving rods or gears, all mounted in the locomotive's frame (Whyte notation: 0-8-0).
1′D1′: One leading idle (non-driven) axle mounted in a bogie, four driven axles mounted in the frame and connected by driving rods or gears, followed by one trailing idle axle mounted in a bogie (Whyte notation: 2-8-2).
E: Five powered axles, mounted in the locomotive's frame (Whyte notation: 0-10-0).
Cn2Gt: No leading axle, three driven axles mounted in the frame, no trailing axle, simple steam expansion, saturated steam, two cylinders, for freight trains/shunting duties, tank engine (Whyte notation: 0-6-0 T).
2′D1′h3S: Two front leading axles grouped in a bogie, four driving axles, one trailing axle in a bogie, simple steam expansion, superheated steam, three-cylinders, for fast trains (Whyte notation: 4-8-2).
1′E1′h2Gt: One front leading axle in a bogie, five driving axles, one rear trailing axle, simple steam expansion, superheated steam, two-cylinder machine, for freight trains, tank engine (Whyte notation: 2-10-2 T).
1′Dn4vP: One front leading axle in a bogie, four driving axles, saturated steam, four-cylinder machine, compound (double steam expansion), for passenger trains (Whyte notation: 2-8-0).
D′Dh4vtG: No front leading axle, four driving axles in a bogie, four more driven axles mounted in the frame (Mallet locomotive), superheated steam, four-cylinder machine, compound (double steam expansion), tank locomotive, for freight trains (Whyte notation: 0-8-8-0 T).

References

^ In United Kingdom and North America, the Whyte notation is used for steam locomotives (and small diesel shunters in the UK). United Kingdom otherwise uses its own slightly simplified form of UIC. North America otherwise uses the AAR wheel arrangement, essentially another simplification of the UIC system.

^ The Railway Data File. Leicester: Silverdale, 2000. p. 52. ISBN 1-85605-499-3.
^ Peck C.B., Locomotive cyclopedia of American practice, 1950–52, Association of American Railroads Mechanical Division, Simmons-Boardman Pub. Co., 1950, p. 449.
^ Kalla-Bishop P.M. & Greggio, Luciano, Steam Locomotives, Crescent, 1985, p. 226.
^ ^a ^b ^c IRS 60650 Railway Application - Rolling Stock - Standard designation of axle arrangement on locomotives and multiple-unit sets. Paris, France: International union of railways. 2021. ISBN 9782746125209. Retrieved 23 October 2021.

External links

Krebs, Gunter. "Wheel Arrangement". SkyRocket.de.

[4] In United Kingdom and North America, the Whyte notation is used for steam locomotives (and small diesel shunters in the UK). United Kingdom otherwise uses its own slightly simplified form of UIC. North America otherwise uses the AAR wheel arrangement, essentially another simplification of the UIC system.

[datafile-1] The Railway Data File. Leicester: Silverdale, 2000. p. 52. ISBN 1-85605-499-3.

[2] Peck C.B., Locomotive cyclopedia of American practice, 1950–52, Association of American Railroads Mechanical Division, Simmons-Boardman Pub. Co., 1950, p. 449.

[3] Kalla-Bishop P.M. & Greggio, Luciano, Steam Locomotives, Crescent, 1985, p. 226.

[UIC-5] IRS 60650 Railway Application - Rolling Stock - Standard designation of axle arrangement on locomotives and multiple-unit sets. Paris, France: International union of railways. 2021. ISBN 9782746125209. Retrieved 23 October 2021.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[a]

[4]

v t e Locomotive design
Cab positioning Short hood / Long hood	Cab forward Sharknose Steeplecab Cab unit Hood unit Cowl unit Boxcab Dual Control Stand
Wheel arrangement	AAR wheel arrangement UIC classification Swiss classification Whyte notation
Valve gear types	Allan Baker Bagnall–Price Baguley Bulleid Caprotti Gab Gooch Gresley Hackworth Joy Kuhn slide Lentz Southern Stephenson Walschaerts
Bogie types	AAR type A switcher truck Arnoux system Articulated bogie Bissel truck Blomberg B Cleminson system Grovers bogie Jacobs bogie Krauss-Helmholtz bogie Mason Bogie Pony truck Radial steering truck Scheffel bogie Schwartzkopff-Eckhardt II bogie
Other running gear elements	Adams axle Axlebox Beugniot lever Carrying wheel Coupled wheel Driving wheel Equalising beam G?lsdorf axle Journal box Klien-Lindner axle Leading wheel Lutterm?ller axle Radial axle Railway tire Road–rail vehicle Trailing wheel Train wheel Wheelset
Exhaust system types	Giesl Kylchap Kylpor Lema?tre Lempor Lemprex
Common exhaust system elements	Blastpipe Smokebox Chimney

为什么呢	英雄是什么生肖	巨蟹座是什么星座	甲流是什么病	心电图低电压什么意思
lf是什么牌子	香菇配什么菜炒着好吃	意什么深什么	bid医学上是什么意思	财主代表什么生肖
金牛座和什么星座最配	疟疾病的症状是什么样	眼前发黑是什么原因	白蛋白低是什么意思	七什么八什么
后脚跟疼是什么原因	胃酸分泌过多吃什么药	葡萄和提子有什么区别	89年属什么的	理疗师是做什么的

梦见打官司预示着什么hcv8jop3ns7r.cn	晚上睡不着觉什么原因hcv7jop5ns1r.cn	伏天吃什么hcv9jop7ns5r.cn	妇科病是什么aiwuzhiyu.com	幻听是什么原因引起的hcv9jop5ns8r.cn
出虚汗是什么原因hcv8jop6ns4r.cn	今日什么冲什么生肖hlguo.com	淫羊藿是什么hcv8jop9ns5r.cn	结婚前一天晚上的宴会叫什么hcv9jop1ns5r.cn	做宫腔镜检查需要提前做什么准备tiangongnft.com
过敏打什么针hcv9jop1ns7r.cn	流清鼻涕吃什么药好hcv9jop4ns7r.cn	耳屎多是什么原因xscnpatent.com	尿酸高是什么原因hcv9jop2ns1r.cn	为什么头晕晕乎乎的hcv8jop2ns7r.cn
32年婚姻是什么婚hcv8jop7ns6r.cn	什么是可支配收入hcv8jop5ns4r.cn	流感挂什么科hcv9jop3ns5r.cn	甲醛中毒什么症状hcv8jop5ns0r.cn	梦见桥塌了有什么预兆hcv8jop7ns5r.cn

欢乐海岸有什么好玩的

Structure

Examples

See also

References

External links